Modern industrial robots are flexible, diverse, and highly autonomous. They can perform various repetitive tasks with consistent accuracy, and are beginning to replace traditional labor in more and more industries. The large-scale adoption of industrial robots, while increasing the total factor productivity of various countries and promoting economic growth, has once again aroused people's concerns about technical unemployment and income inequality. If you cannot find a way to create common prosperity, for political reasons, the application and development of industrial robot technology may slow down or even stop. The development of automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence affects all aspects of the economic system. Whether humans and machines compete or collaborate, where will the workers replaced by machines go, how will this adjustment of the job market structure affect international trade? Give full play to the role of public policies to alleviate the potential negative impact of artificial intelligence on the labor market and international trade, and ensure that the overall social welfare is not lost. This series of issues has become a global issue that cannot be ignored. The main research of this special issue is to analyze the impact of industrial robot application on the employment of different industries and skilled workers, whether it is a substitute or a complement, and then consider what kind of impact this change in the job market will have on international trade.